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French Northern Railway
The French Northern Railway〔''Bulletin of the International Railway Congress Association'', Vol. 26, p. 39 (1912).〕〔Hollingsworth, Brian (2000). ''The Illustrated Directory of Trains of the World'', p. 49, Salamander Books, MBI, Osceola. ISBN 0-7603-0891-8.〕〔''The Railway Age'', Vol. 39, p. 688, Wilson Company. (1905).〕〔(''The Railroads Of France'' ) at www.fee.org. Retrieved on 28 Jul 2013〕〔(''French locomotive built in 1846'' ) at National Railway Museum website. Retrieved on 28 Jul 2013〕 ((フランス語:Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord) or ''CF du Nord''), often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company created in September 1845, in Paris, France. It was owned by among others de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, England, Hottinger, Laffitte and Blount. Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's first president from its inception until his death in 1868.
==History==
A royal ordnance dated 10 September 1845 granted exploitation of the railway from Paris to Lille and Valenciennes, branch lines to Dunkirk and Calais and two new lines Creil - Saint-Quentin and Fampoux - Hazebrouck to the CF du Nord. From the Gare du Nord station the company built in Paris, the Paris–Lille railway line led north towards Belgium, first connecting in 1846 to Amiens, Douai and Lille, with a branch line from Douai to Valenciennes.〔 Lille and Valenciennes had already been connected to the Belgian railway network in 1842. The new line made it possible to travel by train from Paris to Brussels and further.
In the following years, the network was rapidly expanded:〔
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